used to treat heartburn, acid reflux, stomach ulcers, and related conditions.
Concerns have been raised about a possible relationship between long-term PPI use and cognitive decline. One proposed mechanism involves vitamin B12 deficiency, since prolonged suppression of stomach acid can interfere with the absorption of certain nutrients.
However, current evidence does not establish that PPIs directly cause dementia. People who require long-term PPI treatment should discuss the benefits and potential risks with their healthcare professional rather than stopping the medication on their own.
4. Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam, diazepam, and lorazepam are
